What’s the story, H. pylori? New regimens in the toolbox?

The list of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication is longer than ever.  In recent years, American and European guidelines have recommended clarithromycin-based triple therapy or bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for primary treatment of H. pylori infection. However, increasing resistance to these regimens has forced us to consider alternative treatments, including but not limited to: the addition of probiotics, use of sequential regimens, and the inclusion of levofloxacin in the antibiotic cocktail. With all these choices, the clinician is left wondering what the best option is.